The tool is PgLens, a Postgres index advisor I’m building. It only needs to read, so it logs in as a role with no write grants, and it used to start every connection with:

SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION READ ONLY;

Before the first release I wanted to see what happens if someone points it at a connection pooler, like Supabase’s port 6543 or a Neon -pooler host. So I tried it with PgBouncer in transaction mode. PgLens connected, then the application connected and tried to write:

CREATE TABLE orders_archive (id int);
ERROR:  cannot execute CREATE TABLE in a read-only transaction

The app did nothing wrong. It just got the connection PgLens had used a moment earlier. Not great for a tool whose whole pitch is that it’s safe to point at production.

Why

A transaction pooler hands the same server connection to the next client. Session settings stay on that connection, so my SET went with it.

PgBouncer’s docs do say session SET doesn’t work in transaction mode. I read that as: your setting might not stick. It sticks, just for the wrong client.

The fix

Don’t set anything on the session. Pass the guards as startup options instead, which last only as long as that backend:

options=-c default_transaction_read_only=on -c statement_timeout=30s -c lock_timeout=5s

PgBouncer refuses them (unsupported startup parameter in options), which is what I want: PgLens stops and tells you to connect directly.

Since poolers can be configured to ignore that, PgLens also checks on connect that the backend pid stays the same and read-only is on. An integration test runs it against a real PgBouncer.

If you build tools that connect to other people’s databases

• Don’t SET anything on a connection unless you know it goes straight to Postgres.
• Put guards in startup options, and check they took effect.
• Test against a transaction-mode pooler. Some of your users are behind one.

The alternatives I rejected are in ADR-0053.

Update, 1 Oct: PgBouncer 1.26.0, out on 23 September, now tracks default_transaction_read_only on Postgres 14 and later, so this exact leak is fixed there. Settings it doesn’t track, like statement_timeout, still leak. It also tells the client its pool mode at login, so a tool can allow session mode and refuse only transaction mode.